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Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are? cover

Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are?

by Frans de Waal

  • FINISHED
  • Finished November 2016
  • First published 2016

evolution cognition animals

De Waal reviews experiments showing that animals have planning, memory, tool use and social awareness once tests are designed for their abilities.   He argues that human-centered tests have led scientists to underrate other species.